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Mali$46474$ - translation to English
TOWN IN MALI
Dire, Mali; Diré, Mali
Mali
n. Mali (paese africano)
African art
![A modern [[fantasy coffin]] in the shape of a red rooster, Ghana](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ataa Oko and Kudjo Affutu with Oko's red coq coffin 2009. Foto Regula Tschumi.JPG?width=200 "A modern [[fantasy coffin]] in the shape of a red rooster, Ghana")
![''Fest für Neptun'', sculpture on the outside areas of the building of the [[Deutsche Welle]] ([[Schürmann-Bau]]) in [[Bonn]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bonn Deutsche Welle Fest für Neptun.jpg?width=200 "''Fest für Neptun'', sculpture on the outside areas of the building of the [[Deutsche Welle]] ([[Schürmann-Bau]]) in [[Bonn]]")
![Childsoldier]] in the Ivory Coast'', [[Gilbert G. Groud]], 2007, mixed materials: tusche and wax crayon](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Child-soldier-afrika.jpg?width=200 "Childsoldier]] in the Ivory Coast'', [[Gilbert G. Groud]], 2007, mixed materials: tusche and wax crayon")
![Two Bambara [[Chiwara]] c. late 19th early 20th centuries, [[Art Institute of Chicago]]. Female (left) and male Vertical styles](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chiwara Chicago sculpture.jpg?width=200 "Two Bambara [[Chiwara]] c. late 19th early 20th centuries, [[Art Institute of Chicago]]. Female (left) and male Vertical styles")
![[[Bet Maryam]] church, [[Lalibela]]. Traditional Ethiopian church art](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Display of Procesional Crosses, Church of Bet Maryam, Lalibela, Ethiopia (3230772118).jpg?width=200 "[[Bet Maryam]] church, [[Lalibela]]. Traditional Ethiopian church art")
![[[Ngil mask]] from [[Gabon]] or [[Cameroon]]; wood colored with kaolin (chiny clay); by [[Fang people]]; Ethnological Museum of Berlin. Worn with full costume in a night masquerade to settle disputes and quell misbehavior, this calm visage was terrifying to wrong-doers](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fang Ngil Berlin IIIC6000.jpg?width=200 "[[Ngil mask]] from [[Gabon]] or [[Cameroon]]; wood colored with kaolin (chiny clay); by [[Fang people]]; Ethnological Museum of Berlin. Worn with full costume in a night masquerade to settle disputes and quell misbehavior, this calm visage was terrifying to wrong-doers")
.JPG?width=200 "Hand-Built pot by Ladi Kwali (YORYM-2004.1.919)")
.jpg?width=200 "The rock-hewn Church of Bet Maryam in Lalibela.")
![golden rhinoceros of Mapungubwe]]; 1075–1220; from [[Mapungubwe National Park]] ([[Limpopo]], South Africa); [[Mapungubwe Collection]] (University of [[Pretoria]] Museums)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mapungubwe, Limpopo, South Africa (20356187550).jpg?width=200 "golden rhinoceros of Mapungubwe]]; 1075–1220; from [[Mapungubwe National Park]] ([[Limpopo]], South Africa); [[Mapungubwe Collection]] (University of [[Pretoria]] Museums)")
![Bobo Mask (Nyanga) from Burkina Faso, made in the early 19th century. [[Brooklyn Museum]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mask (Nyanga) Bobo Burkina Faso early 19th century.jpg?width=200 "Bobo Mask (Nyanga) from Burkina Faso, made in the early 19th century. [[Brooklyn Museum]]")
![Makonde]] carving in [[ebony]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Modern Makonde carving in ebony.jpg?width=200 "Makonde]] carving in [[ebony]]")
![[[Pablo Picasso]]; 1907; ''Nu à la serviette'', oil on canvas, 116 x 89 cm](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pablo Picasso, 1907, Nu à la serviette, oil on canvas, 116 x 89 cm.jpg?width=200 "[[Pablo Picasso]]; 1907; ''Nu à la serviette'', oil on canvas, 116 x 89 cm")
![Asante king's]] state sword](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Máscara de oro - tesoro del rey Kofi Kolkalli.jpg?width=200 "Asante king's]] state sword")
![4}} x 4{{1/2}} x 1{{1/2}} in.); [[Brooklyn Museum]] (New York City)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Brooklyn Museum 1997.101.1 Doll Akuaba.jpg?width=200 "4}} x 4{{1/2}} x 1{{1/2}} in.); [[Brooklyn Museum]] (New York City)")
![Soul washer badge (Akrafokonmu); 18th-19th century; gold; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ashanti soulwasher by Claire H.jpg?width=200 "Soul washer badge (Akrafokonmu); 18th-19th century; gold; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)")
![adinkra]] stamps carved in [[Ntonso]] (Ghana)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AdinkraCalabashStamps.jpg?width=200 "adinkra]] stamps carved in [[Ntonso]] (Ghana)")
.JPG?width=200 "Relief fragment with heads and figures; 5th century BC – 5th century AD; length: 50 cm (19.6 in.), height: 54 cm (21.2 in.), width: 50 cm (19.6 in.); terracotta; Musée du quai Branly. As most African art styles, the Nok style focuses mainly on people, rarely on animals. All of the Nok statues are very stylized and similar in that they have this triangular shape eye with a perforated pupil, with arched eyebrows.")
![Male head; 550–50 BC; terracotta; [[Brooklyn Museum]] ([[New York City]], USA). The mouth of this head is slightly open. It maybe suggests speech, that the figure has something to tell us. This is a figure that seems to be in the midst of a conversation. The eyes and the eyebrows suggest an inner calm or an inner serenity.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Male Head, Nok culture, Kaduna, Plateau, or Nassarawa state, Nigeria, 550-50 BC, terracotta - Brooklyn Museum - Brooklyn, NY - DSC08511.JPG?width=200 "Male head; 550–50 BC; terracotta; [[Brooklyn Museum]] ([[New York City]], USA). The mouth of this head is slightly open. It maybe suggests speech, that the figure has something to tell us. This is a figure that seems to be in the midst of a conversation. The eyes and the eyebrows suggest an inner calm or an inner serenity.")
![Male figure; terracotta; [[Detroit Institute of Art]] ([[Michigan]], USA)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nigeria, cultura nok, figura maschile, 5000 ac-200 dc ca.jpg?width=200 "Male figure; terracotta; [[Detroit Institute of Art]] ([[Michigan]], USA)")
![Plaque with warriors and attendants; 16th–17th century; brass; height: 47.6 cm (18{{3/4}} in.); [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Plaque- Warrior and Attendants MET DT1231.jpg?width=200 "Plaque with warriors and attendants; 16th–17th century; brass; height: 47.6 cm (18{{3/4}} in.); [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)")
![Plaque that probably represents a musician; 17th century; bronze; 48.26 cm (19 in.) x 18.42 (7{{1/4}} in.) x 8.89 cm (3{{1/2}} in.), irregular; [[Los Angeles County Museum of Art]] (USA)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Plaque LACMA M.74.90 (1 of 2).jpg?width=200 "Plaque that probably represents a musician; 17th century; bronze; 48.26 cm (19 in.) x 18.42 (7{{1/4}} in.) x 8.89 cm (3{{1/2}} in.), irregular; [[Los Angeles County Museum of Art]] (USA)")
![[[Bronze Head of Queen Idia]]; early 16th century; bronze; [[Ethnological Museum of Berlin]] (Germany). Four cast [[bronze]] heads of the queen are known and are currently in the collections of the [[British Museum]], the [[World Museum]] ([[Liverpool]]), the [[Nigerian National Museum]] ([[Lagos]]) and the Ethnological Museum of Berlin](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Afrikaabteilung in Ethnological Museum Berlin 29.JPG?width=200 "[[Bronze Head of Queen Idia]]; early 16th century; bronze; [[Ethnological Museum of Berlin]] (Germany). Four cast [[bronze]] heads of the queen are known and are currently in the collections of the [[British Museum]], the [[World Museum]] ([[Liverpool]]), the [[Nigerian National Museum]] ([[Lagos]]) and the Ethnological Museum of Berlin")
![Figure of a horn blower; 1504–1550; copper alloy; 62.2 x 21.6 x 15.2 cm (24{{1/2}} x 8{{1/2}} x 6 in.); [[Brooklyn Museum]] (New York City). Blowing a horn or flute with his right hand, his left arm is truncated. He also wears a netted cap with chevron design decorated with a feather](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Figure of a Horn Blower, Edo people, Benin, Edo state, Nigeria, c. 1504-1550, copper alloy - Brooklyn Museum - Brooklyn, NY - DSC08506.JPG?width=200 "Figure of a horn blower; 1504–1550; copper alloy; 62.2 x 21.6 x 15.2 cm (24{{1/2}} x 8{{1/2}} x 6 in.); [[Brooklyn Museum]] (New York City). Blowing a horn or flute with his right hand, his left arm is truncated. He also wears a netted cap with chevron design decorated with a feather")
![Maiden spirit mask; early 20th century; wood & pigment; [[Brooklyn Museum]] ([[New York City]], USA)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Brooklyn Museum 78.118.6 Maiden Spirit Mask.jpg?width=200 "Maiden spirit mask; early 20th century; wood & pigment; [[Brooklyn Museum]] ([[New York City]], USA)")
![A mask known as the Queen of Women (''Eze Nwanyi''); late 19th-early 20th century; wood & pigment; [[Birmingham Museum of Art]] ([[Alabama]], USA)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/QueenofWomanMask-BMA.jpg?width=200 "A mask known as the Queen of Women (''Eze Nwanyi''); late 19th-early 20th century; wood & pigment; [[Birmingham Museum of Art]] ([[Alabama]], USA)")
![Bronze ceremonial vessel in form of a snail shell; 9th century; [[Igbo-Ukwu]]; [[Nigerian National Museum]] ([[Lagos]], Nigeria)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bronze ceremonial vessel in form of a snail shell, 9th century, Igbo-Ukwu, Nigeria.JPG?width=200 "Bronze ceremonial vessel in form of a snail shell; 9th century; [[Igbo-Ukwu]]; [[Nigerian National Museum]] ([[Lagos]], Nigeria)")
![Bronze ornamental staff head; 9th century; [[Igbo-Ukwu]]; Nigerian National Museum](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bronze ornamental staff head, 9th century, Igbo-Ukwu.JPG?width=200 "Bronze ornamental staff head; 9th century; [[Igbo-Ukwu]]; Nigerian National Museum")
![Head of a king or dignitary; 12th–15th century AD; terracotta; [[Ethnological Museum of Berlin]] (Germany); discovered at [[Ife]] (Nigeria)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Afrikaabteilung in Ethnological Museum Berlin 02.JPG?width=200 "Head of a king or dignitary; 12th–15th century AD; terracotta; [[Ethnological Museum of Berlin]] (Germany); discovered at [[Ife]] (Nigeria)")
![Bronze head from Ife]]; 12th–15th century; [[brass]]; [[British Museum]] (London)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arte yoruba, nigeria, testa da ife, 12-15mo secolo.JPG?width=200 "Bronze head from Ife]]; 12th–15th century; [[brass]]; [[British Museum]] (London)")
![Gelede mask; circa 1900–1915; [[Detroit Institute of Arts]] (USA)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nigeria, yoruba, corpicapo della società geledè, 1900-15 ca.jpg?width=200 "Gelede mask; circa 1900–1915; [[Detroit Institute of Arts]] (USA)")
![Pair of door panels and a lintel; circa 1910–1914; by [[Olowe of Ise]]; ([[British Museum]], London)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pair of door panels and lintel Yoruba BM.jpg?width=200 "Pair of door panels and a lintel; circa 1910–1914; by [[Olowe of Ise]]; ([[British Museum]], London)")
![Hanover]], [[New Hampshire]], USA)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Carved door, probably by Sakiwa, Nupe peoples, Nigeria, c. 1920-1940, wood, iron staples - Hood Museum of Art - DSC09183.JPG?width=200 "Hanover]], [[New Hampshire]], USA)")
![Headdress; early 1900s; wood, antelope skin, basketry, cane, metal; by [[Ejagham people]]; [[Cleveland Museum of Art]] (USA)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Headdress, early 1900s, Guinea Coast, Nigeria, Ejagham people, wood, antelope skin, basketry, cane, metal - Cleveland Museum of Art - DSC08739.JPG?width=200 "Headdress; early 1900s; wood, antelope skin, basketry, cane, metal; by [[Ejagham people]]; [[Cleveland Museum of Art]] (USA)")
![Headdress; early 1900s; wood, hair; [[Idoma people]]; Cleveland Museum of Art](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Headdress, early 1900s, Guinea Coast, Nigeria, Idoma people, wood, hair - Cleveland Museum of Art - DSC08726.JPG?width=200 "Headdress; early 1900s; wood, hair; [[Idoma people]]; Cleveland Museum of Art")
![''Otobo'' (hippopotamus) mask; by [[Kalabari people]]; [[British Museum]] (London)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kalabari masks BM.jpg?width=200 "''Otobo'' (hippopotamus) mask; by [[Kalabari people]]; [[British Museum]] (London)")
![Terracotta seated figure; 13th century; earthenware; 29.9 cm (11{{3/4}} in.) high; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] ([[New York City]], USA) The raised marks and indentations on the back of this hunched Djenné figure may represent disease or, more likely, sacrification patterns. The facial expression and pose could depict an individual in mouring or in pain](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Seated figure grom Mali, 13th century, Djenné peoples, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1981.218.JPG?width=200 "Terracotta seated figure; 13th century; earthenware; 29.9 cm (11{{3/4}} in.) high; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] ([[New York City]], USA) The raised marks and indentations on the back of this hunched Djenné figure may represent disease or, more likely, sacrification patterns. The facial expression and pose could depict an individual in mouring or in pain")
![Female figure; 13th-–15th century; terracotta covered with red ochre; height: 37.5 cm (14.7 in.), width: 31 cm (12.2 in.), depth: 24 cm (9.4 in.); [[Musée du quai Branly]] (Paris)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Statuette féminine-Région de Djenné-Mali.jpg?width=200 "Female figure; 13th-–15th century; terracotta covered with red ochre; height: 37.5 cm (14.7 in.), width: 31 cm (12.2 in.), depth: 24 cm (9.4 in.); [[Musée du quai Branly]] (Paris)")
![Equestrian figure; 13th–15th century; height: 70.5 cm; [[National Museum of African Art]] ([[Washington D.C.]], USA)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Djenne Terracotta Equestrian (13th-15th cent).jpg?width=200 "Equestrian figure; 13th–15th century; height: 70.5 cm; [[National Museum of African Art]] ([[Washington D.C.]], USA)")
![Male figure; 14th-17th century; [[Cleveland Museum of Art]] ([[Ohio]], USA)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mali, valle interna del niger, figura maschile in terracotta, xiv-xvii secolo ca. 01.jpg?width=200 "Male figure; 14th-17th century; [[Cleveland Museum of Art]] ([[Ohio]], USA)")
![8}} in.); [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Figure of a Kneeling Woman MET DP-13314-032.jpg?width=200 "8}} in.); [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)")
![Stool; possibly late 19th to early 20th century; wood & pigment; [[National Museum of African Art]] ([[Washington D.C.]], USA)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/DogonStool.jpg?width=200 "Stool; possibly late 19th to early 20th century; wood & pigment; [[National Museum of African Art]] ([[Washington D.C.]], USA)")
![Tellem people]]; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Female Figure with Raised Arm MET vs1979 206 64.jpg?width=200 "Tellem people]]; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (New York City)")
![Zoomorphic figurine; 12th-16th century; by [[Tennenkou culture]]; [[Museo de Arte Africano Arellano Alonso]] ([[Valladolid]], Spain)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Figura zoomorfa. Cultura Tennenkou. Mali. Siglo XII – siglo XVI.jpg?width=200 "Zoomorphic figurine; 12th-16th century; by [[Tennenkou culture]]; [[Museo de Arte Africano Arellano Alonso]] ([[Valladolid]], Spain)")
![Equestrian figurine; by [[Bankoni culture]]; Museo de Arte Africano Arellano Alonso](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Personaje enmascarado. Cultura Bankoni. Mali. Siglo V – siglo XVI.jpg?width=200 "Equestrian figurine; by [[Bankoni culture]]; Museo de Arte Africano Arellano Alonso")
![Ngady-Mwash mask; 19th century; [[Ethnological Museum of Berlin]] (Germany). The colors, red, brown & beige create a warm atmosphere of a savanna, being in contrast with the rows of blue beads. Like many other Kuba masks, this one is decorated with [[cowrie shells]]. Like many Kuba types of masks, ngady-mwash mask is extensively polychromed, or multicolored](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Afrikaabteilung in Ethnological Museum Berlin 99.JPG?width=200 "Ngady-Mwash mask; 19th century; [[Ethnological Museum of Berlin]] (Germany). The colors, red, brown & beige create a warm atmosphere of a savanna, being in contrast with the rows of blue beads. Like many other Kuba masks, this one is decorated with [[cowrie shells]]. Like many Kuba types of masks, ngady-mwash mask is extensively polychromed, or multicolored")
![4}} in.); [[Brooklyn Museum]] (USA). This mask may have represented a wise older man at boys' initiations. One of the principal Kuba dance masks is called pwoom itok. The chief identifying characteristic is the shape of the eyes, whose centers are cones surrounded by holes through which the wearer sees](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Brooklyn Museum 22.230 Mask Pwoom Itok.jpg?width=200 "4}} in.); [[Brooklyn Museum]] (USA). This mask may have represented a wise older man at boys' initiations. One of the principal Kuba dance masks is called pwoom itok. The chief identifying characteristic is the shape of the eyes, whose centers are cones surrounded by holes through which the wearer sees")
![Belt (Yet); possibly early 1900s; cord, leather, glass beads, shells; [[Cleveland Museum of Art]] (USA). Like some of the masks, this belt is decorated with colorful beads](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Belt (Yet), possibly early 1900s, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kuba people, cord, leather, glass beads, shells - Cleveland Museum of Art - DSC08697.JPG?width=200 "Belt (Yet); possibly early 1900s; cord, leather, glass beads, shells; [[Cleveland Museum of Art]] (USA). Like some of the masks, this belt is decorated with colorful beads")
![Kuba]] people of [[Central Africa]]. They are not naturalistic portrayals but are intended as representations of the king's spirit and as an encapsulation of the principle of kingship](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Brooklyn Museum 61.33 Ndop Portrait of King Mishe miShyaang maMbul (5).jpg?width=200 "Kuba]] people of [[Central Africa]]. They are not naturalistic portrayals but are intended as representations of the king's spirit and as an encapsulation of the principle of kingship")
.jpg?width=200 "16}} × 10{{1/2}} × 2{{1/2}} in.); Brooklyn Museum")
![Headrest; 19th century; wood; height: 18.5 cm (7.2 in), width: 19 cm (7.4 in), thickness: 8 cm (3.1 in); [[Musée du quai Branly]] (Paris). This headrest presents 19th century Luba hairstyles, as well as the long limbs, bent-back legs, cylindrical torso and dynamic pose typical of the artist who made it](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Appuie-tête Luba-RDC.jpg?width=200 "Headrest; 19th century; wood; height: 18.5 cm (7.2 in), width: 19 cm (7.4 in), thickness: 8 cm (3.1 in); [[Musée du quai Branly]] (Paris). This headrest presents 19th century Luba hairstyles, as well as the long limbs, bent-back legs, cylindrical torso and dynamic pose typical of the artist who made it")
![4}} × 4 in.); [[Brooklyn Museum]] (New York City)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Brooklyn Museum 22.1129 Image of Standing Woman (2).jpg?width=200 "4}} × 4 in.); [[Brooklyn Museum]] (New York City)")
![Kifwebe mask; wood; [[Royal Museum for Central Africa]] ([[Tervuren]], Belgium)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Masque kifwebe luba-Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale.JPG?width=200 "Kifwebe mask; wood; [[Royal Museum for Central Africa]] ([[Tervuren]], Belgium)")
![4}} × 9{{1/2}} in.); by [[Mangbetu people]]; [[Brooklyn Museum]] (New York City)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Brooklyn Museum 31.1822 Anthropomorphic Pot.jpg?width=200 "4}} × 9{{1/2}} in.); by [[Mangbetu people]]; [[Brooklyn Museum]] (New York City)")
![Plank mask (emangungu); possibly early 1900s; wood; by [[Bembe people]]; [[Cleveland Museum of Art]] (USA)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Plank Mask (Emangungu), possibly early 1900s, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Bembe people, wood - Cleveland Museum of Art - DSC08684.JPG?width=200 "Plank mask (emangungu); possibly early 1900s; wood; by [[Bembe people]]; [[Cleveland Museum of Art]] (USA)")
![Head of a scepter; 19th century; by [[Yombe people]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/African Art, Yombe sculpture, Louvre.jpg?width=200 "Head of a scepter; 19th century; by [[Yombe people]]")
![Female figure; 20th century; wood; by [[Lumbo people]]; [[Indianapolis Museum of Art]] (USA)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gabon o rep. dem. del congo, lumbo, figura femminile, xx secolo.jpg?width=200 "Female figure; 20th century; wood; by [[Lumbo people]]; [[Indianapolis Museum of Art]] (USA)")
![Mask; early 20th century; wood, raffia & color pigments; by [[Yaka people]]; [[Rietberg Museum]] ([[Zürich]], Switzerland)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Yaka Maske Museum Rietberg RAC 503.jpg?width=200 "Mask; early 20th century; wood, raffia & color pigments; by [[Yaka people]]; [[Rietberg Museum]] ([[Zürich]], Switzerland)")
![Chair (throne) of a chief; 19th or early 20th century; wood; by [[Hemba people]]; Rietberg Museum](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hemba Stuhl Museum Rietberg RAC 126.jpg?width=200 "Chair (throne) of a chief; 19th or early 20th century; wood; by [[Hemba people]]; Rietberg Museum")
![Funerary figure (tumba); 19th century; wood; by [[Sundi people]]; Rietberg Museum](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Master of the Sundi area Funerary figure.jpg?width=200 "Funerary figure (tumba); 19th century; wood; by [[Sundi people]]; Rietberg Museum")
![Mask (kifwebe); wood; by [[Songye people]]; [[Royal Museum for Central Africa]] ([[Tervuren]], [[Belgium]])](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mask (kifwebe), male - Songye - Royal Museum for Central Africa - DSC06089.JPG?width=200 "Mask (kifwebe); wood; by [[Songye people]]; [[Royal Museum for Central Africa]] ([[Tervuren]], [[Belgium]])")
![Mbangu mask; wood, pigment & fibres; height: 27 cm; by [[Pende people]]; Royal Museum for Central Africa. Representing a disturbed man, the hooded V-looking eyes and the mask's artistic elements – face surfaces, distored features, and divided colour – evoke the experience of personal inner conflict](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mbangu mask - Central Pende, Southern Bandundu, DRC - Royal Museum for Central Africa - DSC06657.JPG?width=200 "Mbangu mask; wood, pigment & fibres; height: 27 cm; by [[Pende people]]; Royal Museum for Central Africa. Representing a disturbed man, the hooded V-looking eyes and the mask's artistic elements – face surfaces, distored features, and divided colour – evoke the experience of personal inner conflict")
![Tomb figure; [[soapstone]]; by [[Boma people]]; Royal Museum for Central Africa. Stone sculptures are extremely rare in African art](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tomb figure, soapstone - Mboma - Royal Museum for Central Africa - DSC06950.JPG?width=200 "Tomb figure; [[soapstone]]; by [[Boma people]]; Royal Museum for Central Africa. Stone sculptures are extremely rare in African art")
![Warrior ancestor figure; 19th century; wood; 84.1 × 26 × 23.2 cm (33.1 × 10.2 × 9.1 in.); by [[Hemba people]]; [[Kimbell Art Museum]] ([[Fort Worth]], [[Texas]], USA)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Africa Hemba Warrior Ancestor Figure 2 Kimbell.jpg?width=200 "Warrior ancestor figure; 19th century; wood; 84.1 × 26 × 23.2 cm (33.1 × 10.2 × 9.1 in.); by [[Hemba people]]; [[Kimbell Art Museum]] ([[Fort Worth]], [[Texas]], USA)")
![Statuette of a woman; 19th century or early 20th century; by [[Holoholo people]]; [[Ethnological Museum of Berlin]] (Germany)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Statuette Holoholo-Musée ethnologique de Berlin.jpg?width=200 "Statuette of a woman; 19th century or early 20th century; by [[Holoholo people]]; [[Ethnological Museum of Berlin]] (Germany)")
![Anthropomorphic figurine; [[terracotta]]; 9th-16th century; [[Musée du quai Branly]] (Paris)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ciad, cultura sao, statuette antropomorfe, dalla regione di ndjamena, IX-XVI sec. 01.JPG?width=200 "Anthropomorphic figurine; [[terracotta]]; 9th-16th century; [[Musée du quai Branly]] (Paris)")
.jpg?width=200 "Anthropomorphic figurine; 9th-16th century; terracotta; Musée du quai Branly")
.jpg?width=200 "Anthropomorphic figurine; 9th-16th century; terracotta; Musée du quai Branly")
![Head; terracotta; [[Muséum d'Histoire naturelle de La Rochelle]] ([[La Rochelle]], France)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sao culture, head. Terracotta, Woutio, Cameroon. Muséum de La Rochelle.jpg?width=200 "Head; terracotta; [[Muséum d'Histoire naturelle de La Rochelle]] ([[La Rochelle]], France)")
![Murals in the Ndebele from the [[Maastricht University]] (the [[Netherlands]])](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/20150312 Maastricht; University of Maastricht; Murals in Faculty of Business and Economics 1.jpg?width=200 "Murals in the Ndebele from the [[Maastricht University]] (the [[Netherlands]])")
![A beaded apron or ''meputo''; late 19th-early 20th century; hide, glass beads, metal beads, straw; 46.9 × 50.8 cm (18.5 × 20 in.); [[Birmingham Museum of Art]] ([[Alabama]], USA)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ApronMeputo-BMA.jpg?width=200 "A beaded apron or ''meputo''; late 19th-early 20th century; hide, glass beads, metal beads, straw; 46.9 × 50.8 cm (18.5 × 20 in.); [[Birmingham Museum of Art]] ([[Alabama]], USA)")
![4}} in.); from [[Hierakonpolis]] (Egypt); [[Egyptian Museum]] ([[Cairo]]). The Narmer palette is the quintessential statement of the Egyptians' mythology of kingship. A clear manifesto of royal power, it is also one with multiple layers of symbolism](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Narmer Palette.jpg?width=200 "4}} in.); from [[Hierakonpolis]] (Egypt); [[Egyptian Museum]] ([[Cairo]]). The Narmer palette is the quintessential statement of the Egyptians' mythology of kingship. A clear manifesto of royal power, it is also one with multiple layers of symbolism")
![4}} in.); from [[Giza]]; [[Louvre]] (Paris). This finely executed relief represents the most succinct assurance of perpetual offering for the deceased](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Princess Nefertiabet before her meal-E 15591-IMG 9645-gradient.jpg?width=200 "4}} in.); from [[Giza]]; [[Louvre]] (Paris). This finely executed relief represents the most succinct assurance of perpetual offering for the deceased")
![8}} in.); from [[Amarna]] (Egypt); [[Egyptian Museum of Berlin]] (Germany). Perhaps the most iconic image of a woman from the ancient world, the bust of [[Nefertiti]] is difficult to contextualize because it seems so exceptional](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nofretete Neues Museum.jpg?width=200 "8}} in.); from [[Amarna]] (Egypt); [[Egyptian Museum of Berlin]] (Germany). Perhaps the most iconic image of a woman from the ancient world, the bust of [[Nefertiti]] is difficult to contextualize because it seems so exceptional")
![Thebes]], Egypt); Egyptian Museum. The mummy mask of [[Tutankhamun]] is perhaps the most iconic object to survive from ancient Egypt](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/CairoEgMuseumTaaMaskMostlyPhotographed.jpg?width=200 "Thebes]], Egypt); Egyptian Museum. The mummy mask of [[Tutankhamun]] is perhaps the most iconic object to survive from ancient Egypt")
MODERN AND HISTORICAL AESTHETIC, MATERIAL, ORAL/AUDIO AND VISUAL CULTURE NATIVE TO OR ORIGINATING FROM INDIGENOUS AFRICANS OR THE AFRICAN CONTINENT
African Art and Architecture; Art of Africa; Art in Africa; African Arts; African arts; African Art; Art in Mali; Dogon art; History of African art; Bambara art; Nigerian art; Ghanaian art; Kenyan art; North African art; West African art; East African art
arte africana
France Telecom
![[[Orange Marine]] operates [[cable-laying ship]]s](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/France Telecom Marine Rene Descartes p1150247.jpg?width=200 "[[Orange Marine]] operates [[cable-laying ship]]s")
![As a result of [[deregulation]], Orange operates phone booths in Wellington, New Zealand.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/France Telecom Wellington NZ.jpg?width=200 "As a result of [[deregulation]], Orange operates phone booths in Wellington, New Zealand.")
![Mobile network locations in Europe.<br />[[File:Naranja1.png]] France, Moldova, Romania and Slovakia: leading mobile telephone business.<br />[[File:Naranja2.png]] Belgium, Poland: ranked 2nd in mobile telephony.<br />[[File:Naranja3.png]] Spain: ranked 3rd in mobile telephony.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Orange en Europa.png?width=200 "Mobile network locations in Europe.<br />[[File:Naranja1.png]] France, Moldova, Romania and Slovakia: leading mobile telephone business.<br />[[File:Naranja2.png]] Belgium, Poland: ranked 2nd in mobile telephony.<br />[[File:Naranja3.png]] Spain: ranked 3rd in mobile telephony.")
FRENCH MULTINATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION
Orange (telecommunications); Orange (company); France Telecom; OpenTransit; Orange Mobile; Orange Telecom; Orange (Mobile Telephone company); Orange Telecommunications; Orange Network; Orange SA; Orange.fr; Orange.com; Orange (telecoms); Orange Dominicana; VOXMobile; Orange Liechtenstein; Orange Luxembourg; Orange France; Orange (brand); France telecom; France Télécom SA; France Telecom SA; VOXmobile; Orange Botswana; Orange Cameroon; Orange Ivory Coast; Orange Kenya; Orange Madagascar; Orange Mali; Orange Mauritius; Orange Niger; Orange Réunion; Orange Senegal; Orange Switzerland; Orange Uganda; France Telecom S.A.; France Télécom S.A.; Orange Labs; Itinéris; Mobicarte; OLA (Mobile phone); France Télécom; Orange Sport; Orange sa; Orange Sa; Orange s.a.
nome di importante società francese di telecomunicazioni (fornitrice di servizi Internet, cavi telefonici in affitto ecc.)
Definition
MALI
A hardware memory device for logic programming computers
with real time garbage collection.
Wikipedia
Diré
Diré is a town and commune on the left bank of the Niger River in the Tombouctou Region of Mali. In the 2009 census the population of the commune was 22,365. The town is the administrative center of the Diré Cercle. There are several languages spoken, but the main language is Songhay. The population is predominantly Muslim. Situated on the Niger River, the principal industries are agriculture and commerce.
